Beyond the Feast: Decolonizing Thanksgiving and Beyond

by Lindsay Malu Kido

As the autumn season brings its vibrant colors and the preparations for Thanksgiving begin, it’s an opportune time to reflect on this deeply rooted American tradition from a perspective that often remains unheard—the Indigenous viewpoint. Thanksgiving, for many, is a time of gratitude and family gatherings, but this narrative, when examined through a decolonizing lens, reveals layers of complexity and historical oversight. This article aims to delve into these layers, exploring Thanksgiving not just as a holiday, but as a symbol of a larger historical context of colonization and its ongoing impact on Indigenous peoples and nations.

The critical perspective we adopt here goes beyond the conventional narratives. We explore how Thanksgiving, as celebrated today, can both obscure and perpetuate the legacies of colonization. Our focus also extends to an unexpected yet insightful domain—the beer industry. Why beer, one might ask? The brewing and consumption of beer in the United States intersect with themes of colonization, cultural appropriation, and the commercialization of traditions. By exploring the beer industry’s role in the collective lived experience, we can uncover deeper insights into how contemporary practices continue to shape, and sometimes distort, historical narratives. Furthermore, we can examine the craft beer community as a potential platform for promoting cultural understanding and driving decolonization efforts in broader societal contexts.

The history of alcohol in Turtle Island (North America) is intricately linked with the colonial history. From its use as a tool for trade and control in colonial times to the modern-day craft beer movement, beer has been a cultural staple with complex connotations. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness within the beer industry about its historical and cultural responsibilities. This shift has spurred initiatives to amplify Indigeneity in the brewing space, from unearthing the historical origins that brewing had in Native societies, to nationwide collaborations to bring awareness and acknowledgement to the ancestral land that our breweries reside on, like the Native Land campaign by Bow & Arrow Brewing.

As we embark on this exploration, it is essential to approach these topics with sensitivity and respect. The goal of this article is to provide a space for reflection and education, to bring to light the often-overlooked complexity of Thanksgiving, and to understand how industries like brewing can play a role in both perpetuating and challenging colonial legacies. In doing so, we not only deepen our understanding of this holiday but also contribute to a broader conversation about history, culture, and the paths towards a more inclusive and respectful society.

Historical Context of Thanksgiving

The Myth of the First Thanksgiving

The story of the “First Thanksgiving” is a familiar one: In 1621, the Pilgrims, having survived their first year in the New World, shared a feast with the Wampanoag tribe as a gesture of gratitude. This narrative, often taught in schools and depicted in popular media, presents an idyllic picture of harmony and mutual cooperation. However, scholars such as David J. Silverman, author of “This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving,” argue that this portrayal is a vast oversimplification. Silverman points out that while a feast did occur, the relationships between the Pilgrims and Indigenous peoples were complex and fraught with tension, a reality that the Thanksgiving myth glosses over.

Chief Wampanoag meets the English Settlers 1621 (Credit: Unknown)

The Realities of Colonization

The arrival of European settlers in North America marked the beginning of a dark period for Indigenous peoples. Historians like Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, in her book “An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States,” highlight the devastating impact of colonization. Indigenous peoples faced widespread disease, land dispossession, and violence—a far cry from the peaceful coexistence implied in Thanksgiving lore.

The spread of diseases like smallpox, which Indigenous populations had no immunity against, resulted in catastrophic population losses. According to historian Jeffrey Ostler in “Surviving Genocide: Native Nations and the United States from the American Revolution to Bleeding Kansas,” diseases brought by Europeans wiped out up to 90% of the Indigenous populations in some areas. This decimation severely weakened Indigenous societies, making them more vulnerable to European conquest and colonization.

Moreover, the European settlers’ concept of land ownership clashed fundamentally with the Indigenous understanding of the land. The settlers’ encroachment led to numerous conflicts and treaties, often broken or unfairly negotiated, resulting in the forced relocation and further marginalization of Indigenous peoples. This history of land theft and displacement is a crucial part of the Thanksgiving narrative that is often omitted.

Indigenous Perspectives on Thanksgiving

For many Indigenous people, the Thanksgiving holiday is a painful reminder of this brutal history. Instead of a celebration, it’s a time to remember the suffering and resilience of their ancestors. This perspective is not widely recognized in mainstream Thanksgiving celebrations, which tend to focus on the Pilgrims’ experiences and hardships.

The historical context of Thanksgiving is complex and multifaceted. It encompasses both the oft-told tale of a harmonious feast and the harsh realities of colonization that followed. Recognizing and understanding this history is vital to adopting a more inclusive and truthful perspective on the holiday. By doing so, we honor the experiences and resilience of Indigenous peoples and take a step towards reconciling the past with our present celebrations.

Indigenous Perspectives on Thanksgiving and the #ThanksTaking Movement

The Day of Mourning

Many Indigenous people observe Thanksgiving Day as a National Day of Mourning, a tradition dating back to 1970. This observance was initiated by Wamsutta Frank James, a Wampanoag leader, who was disinvited from speaking at a Plymouth Thanksgiving celebration due to the candid nature of his speech about the suffering of his people following European arrival. His actions sparked a movement, as detailed in publications like “Native American Almanac: More Than 50,000 Years of the Cultures and Histories of Indigenous Peoples” by Yvonne Wakim Dennis and Arlene Hirschfelder. The Day of Mourning serves as a reminder of the centuries of colonization, cultural erosion, and violence faced by Indigenous peoples, directly contradicting the harmonious narrative often associated with Thanksgiving.

We forfeited our country. Our lands have fallen into the hands of the aggressor. We have allowed the white man to keep us on our knees. What has happened cannot be changed, but today we must work towards a more humane America, a more Indian America, where men and nature once again are important; where the Indian values of honor, truth, and brotherhood prevail.
– Wamsutta Frank James

Contemporary Voices and Perspectives

Indigenous voices today continue to challenge and reinterpret the Thanksgiving narrative. Prominent figures such as Debbie Reese, a Nambé Pueblo Indian and founder of the blog American Indians in Children’s Literature, emphasize the importance of accurate and respectful representation of Indigenous peoples in media and educational materials. Reese and other Indigenous educators advocate for a more truthful telling of history, one that includes the diverse and complex experiences of Indigenous communities.

The #ThanksTaking Movement

A more recent development in the recontextualization of Thanksgiving is the #ThanksTaking movement. This movement, gaining traction on social media platforms, highlights the darker aspects of the Thanksgiving history, focusing on themes of land theft, cultural appropriation, and ongoing injustices faced by Indigenous communities. The term “ThanksTaking” itself is a powerful rebranding of the holiday, aiming to shift the focus from a celebration of colonial history to an acknowledgment of Indigenous loss and resilience. As described in articles from Native American news sources like Indian Country Today, the movement calls for a critical reexamination of the holiday and its implications in contemporary society.

Credit: Indigenous Environmental Network

Reframing Thanksgiving in Education and Public Discourse

In response to these perspectives, there is a growing push to reframe the way Thanksgiving is taught in schools and discussed in public forums. Educational experts and Indigenous activists are advocating for curriculums that include Indigenous histories and narratives, moving beyond the simplistic and often misleading ‘Pilgrims and Indians’ story. This effort aligns with broader movements towards decolonizing education and recognizing the diverse histories and contributions of Indigenous peoples in North America.

Indigenous perspectives on Thanksgiving, amplified by movements like #ThanksTaking, challenge us to reconsider the holiday in a more inclusive and honest light. By acknowledging the Day of Mourning and engaging with contemporary Indigenous voices, we can begin to understand the complex legacy of Thanksgiving and take steps toward a more just and respectful commemoration of this day.

Indigenous-Owned Breweries: Manifestations of Resistance and Existence

The emergence and success of Indigenous-owned breweries in North America are not just commercial achievements; they often symbolize a profound act of cultural resistance and existence. In the face of historical challenges and ongoing struggles, these breweries stand as testaments to the resilience and vitality of Indigenous communities – whether intentional or not. They are powerful expressions of Indigenous peoples reclaiming their history, culture, and economic sovereignty through the art of brewing.

Brewing as a Form of Cultural Resistance

Indigenous communities have a long history of brewing, deeply intertwined with their cultural practices and social life. The colonization process disrupted these traditions, often weaponizing alcohol as a tool for exploitation. In reclaiming these brewing traditions, Indigenous-owned breweries are doing more than reviving ancient recipes; they are actively resisting the historical narrative imposed upon them. Each brewery serves as a beacon of cultural pride, challenging the stereotypes and misconceptions that have long plagued Indigenous peoples.

Existence as Resistance

For these Indigenous-owned breweries, existence itself is an act of resistance. In a landscape where Indigenous voices and businesses have been marginalized, each brewery stands as a declaration of presence and determination. These establishments are not merely about selling beer; they are about asserting Indigenous identity and sovereignty in a tangible, impactful way. They represent the ongoing journey of Indigenous peoples to maintain and celebrate their heritage in the modern world.

Economic Empowerment and Community Building

Beyond cultural significance, these breweries play a crucial role in the economic empowerment of Indigenous communities and beyond. They create jobs, foster local economies, and provide opportunities for entrepreneurship and skill development. Moreover, these breweries often become community hubs, strengthening social ties and offering spaces for cultural exchange and celebration.

Prominent Examples of Indigenous Resistance through Brewing

Bow & Arrow Brewing Co.: As the first Native Women-owned brewery, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, this brewery has become a cornerstone in the community, using its platform to advocate for Indigenous visibility in the craft beer world.

Skydance Brewing Co.: The first Native American-owned brewery in Oklahoma City, Skydance is more than a brewery; it’s a symbol of Indigenous entrepreneurship and cultural pride in the heart of America.

Mad River Brewing Co.: Now part of the Yurok Agriculture Corporation, Mad River represents one of the first tribal breweries in the U.S., setting a precedent for tribal involvement in the brewing industry.

7 Clans Brewing: With its matrilineal ethos, this brewery celebrates the role of women in Cherokee tradition and brewing, underscoring the importance of female leadership in both cultural and business contexts.

Challenges and Future Directions

Despite their successes, Indigenous-owned breweries face unique challenges, from navigating complex regulations to addressing the historical trauma associated with alcohol. Yet, these challenges also present opportunities for growth, collaboration, and furthering the conversation about Indigenous rights, representation, and resilience in contemporary society.

Indigenous-owned breweries are vibrant examples of how Indigenous resistance manifests through existence. They are not just places where beer is brewed; they are sites where history is honored, cultures are celebrated, and futures are forged. By supporting these breweries, we engage in a larger narrative of Indigenous empowerment and contribute to a more inclusive and respectful dialogue in both the craft beer industry and society at large.

Decolonizing Thanksgiving: Beyond the Dinner Table

As Indigenous communities continue their journey of cultural reclamation and resilience, the role of individual actions and broader societal shifts becomes crucial, especially during significant cultural events like Thanksgiving. Decolonizing Thanksgiving involves rethinking the traditional narratives and practices associated with the holiday to foster a more inclusive and truthful representation of history.

Rethinking Traditional Narratives

Decolonizing Thanksgiving begins with challenging and rethinking the traditional narratives that have long dominated the holiday. This means moving beyond the oversimplified story of the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag tribe and acknowledging the complex history of Indigenous peoples in North America. Educational resources, such as the National Museum of the American Indian, provide insightful perspectives on Native histories and cultures, offering a more nuanced understanding of Thanksgiving.

Supporting Indigenous Communities

One tangible way to decolonize Thanksgiving is by actively supporting Indigenous communities – all year long. This can involve purchasing from Indigenous businesses, such as Native American breweries, or donating to Indigenous-led organizations that work towards social justice, cultural preservation, and economic empowerment. The First Nations Development Institute is one such organization that supports economic development in Native American communities.

Incorporating Indigenous Perspectives into Celebrations

Incorporating Indigenous perspectives and traditions into Thanksgiving celebrations can be a meaningful way to honor Indigenous cultures. This could include preparing dishes using traditional Indigenous ingredients or recipes, as suggested by Native American chefs like Sean Sherman, author of “The Sioux Chef’s Indigenous Kitchen.” Such inclusion helps create a more inclusive celebration that respects and acknowledges the rich culinary traditions of Indigenous peoples.

Educational and Reflective Practices

Educational practices, such as land acknowledgments, can be a significant aspect of decolonizing Thanksgiving. Recognizing the traditional Indigenous inhabitants of the land where the celebration is taking place can be a powerful act of acknowledgment and respect. Additionally, taking time during the holiday to educate family and friends about Indigenous histories and current issues can foster greater awareness and understanding. To identify the Indigenous land on which you reside, you can use this interactive tool available at Native Land.

Challenging Stereotypes and Misconceptions

Decolonizing Thanksgiving also involves challenging the stereotypes and misconceptions about Indigenous peoples that are often perpetuated during the holiday. This means moving away from harmful and inaccurate depictions of Native Americans in Thanksgiving decorations and narratives and instead seeking out authentic Indigenous voices and stories.

Decolonizing Thanksgiving is a multifaceted process that involves rethinking narratives, supporting Indigenous communities, incorporating Indigenous perspectives, and engaging in educational practices. By doing so, we can transform the holiday into a more inclusive and respectful celebration that honors the diverse histories and cultures that make up the fabric of American society.

The Dessert: The Final Words

As we reflect on the journey of decolonizing Thanksgiving, it becomes clear that this is not just about rethinking a holiday; it’s about acknowledging and addressing a complex history that continues to affect Indigenous communities today. The shift towards a more inclusive and truthful commemoration of Thanksgiving requires a multifaceted approach, involving education, advocacy, and the active participation of individuals and communities in reshaping narratives and practices.

Summarizing Key Points

Historical Context: Understanding the true history of Thanksgiving and its impact on Indigenous peoples is essential. The traditional narrative of a harmonious feast masks a history of colonization and suffering for Native Americans.

Indigenous Perspectives: Recognizing and respecting Indigenous perspectives on Thanksgiving, including viewing it as a day of mourning, helps in acknowledging the historical and ongoing struggles of these communities.

The Role of the Beer Industry: The emergence of Indigenous-owned breweries illustrates a larger movement of cultural reclamation and economic empowerment within Indigenous communities, offering a model for other industries.

Decolonizing Practices: Continuously incorporating decolonizing practices into Thanksgiving celebrations, such as supporting Indigenous businesses and including Indigenous perspectives, can contribute to a more respectful and inclusive holiday.

Education and Advocacy: Education and advocacy play crucial roles in changing narratives and ensuring accurate representation of Indigenous histories and perspectives.

A Call to Action

As we move forward, it is important for each of us to consider our role in this process. This can involve learning more about Indigenous histories, supporting Indigenous-led initiatives, and advocating for changes in our communities and institutions. It’s about creating a space where the diverse histories and experiences that make up the fabric of American society are acknowledged and respected.

In conclusion, decolonizing Thanksgiving is an opportunity to transform the holiday into a time of reflection, education, and true gratitude that honors the complex and diverse narratives of our shared history. It’s about moving towards a future where the celebrations and commemorations of our nation reflect a commitment to truth, respect, and inclusivity for all its peoples.

Acknowledgement and Positionality

As I sit under the midnight tapestry, I watch the fluttering of the orange leaves on my neighbor’s tree. They seem to glow in the night – like magical sleeping butterflies against the dark of the neonlit sky. Growing up in Hawaiʻi, we didn’t experience the seasons, nor the leaves changing. So, the phenomenon is still such a wonder to me, as I hope it always will be. It reminds me that, like land, we, too, must change. I offer this short essay to my cousins of Turtle Island, especially our Wampanoag relations, who mourn today and all days for the colonization, oppression, genocide, for the MMIWG2S+, for the battles we still face today. As a mixed-Indigenous creature of Oceanic bloodlines, my heart and naʻau are with you. I acknowledge that I am a settler on Southern Paiute land, and with gratitude, I share my aloha to the Nuwu people of this land, forevermore.

Reference List

Silverman, D. J. (2019). This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Dunbar-Ortiz, R. (2014). An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States. Beacon Press.
Ostler, J. (2019). Surviving Genocide: Native Nations and the United States from the American Revolution to Bleeding Kansas. Yale University Press.
Reese, D. (n.d.). American Indians in Children’s Literature (AICL).
Mancall, P. C. (1995). Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America. Cornell University Press.
Reid, D. P. (2020). Brewing Justice: Ethics and Responsibility in the Craft Beer Industry. [Publisher].
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Sherman, S. (2017). The Sioux Chef’s Indigenous Kitchen. University of Minnesota Press.
United American Indians of New England. (n.d.). Suppressed speech of Wamsutta (Frank B.) James, Wampanoag. Retrieved from http://www.uaine.org/suppressed_speech.htm